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Unlike randomized clinical trials, observational studies must adjust for differences such as confounding to ensure patient characteristics are comparable across treatment groups. This is frequently addressed through propensity scores (PS), which summarizes dif...

Knowledge graphs are visualization of information with multi-type relations (edges) among some multi-type entities (nodes) within an environment of interest. The heterogeneous aspect comes from the graph having two or more types of nodes and two or more types ...

In the practical use of statistics, we don't have an infinite amount of data. An enormous amount of data is needed to accurately estimate the true distribution non-parametrically. We need to take small samples of data, from which we can make inferences about t...

Geo-statistics is a subfield of statistics focused on spatial or spatiotemporal datasets, AKA data with location or longitudinal data with location. In the following case, we have a large set of longitudinal data with location and we want to make guesses abou...

Recall that in an ordinary multiple linear regression, we have a set of p predictor variables measuring some response variable (Y) to fit a model like: $$ Y = \beta_0 + \beta_1 X_1 ... \beta_p X_p + \epsilon $$ Where beta represents the average effect of a u...